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In a microwave system, it is often necessary to divide the microwave power of one channel into several channels in proportion, which is the problem of power distribution. The components that realize this function are called power distribution components or couplers, which mainly include: directional couplers, power dividers, and various microwave branch devices. There are many types of couplers, including optoelectronic couplers, hydraulic couplers, and magnetic couplers.
(1) Photocoupler
It is also called opto-isolator, or optocoupler for short. It is composed of three parts, namely light reception, light transmission, and signal amplification. Its working principle is simply composed of two parts. First, the light-emitting diodes are connected in series until they are in the signal line. When the external signal comes in, the light-emitting diode can turn the electrical signal into a light signal. Then send them outside.
The second is to connect the photodiodes in series until the control circuit is above, and its light signal will make the photodiodes conduct. It has the characteristics and advantages of strong anti-interference, long service life, small size, and so on.
(2) Hydraulic coupling
It is a liquid rotating device that perfectly connects the power source and the working machine, and relies on the change of the liquid momentum moment to transmit the torque. The hydraulic coupling is mainly composed of a pump impeller and a turbine, and they each complete their own tasks. When the rotational speed of the pump impeller is greater than the rotational speed of the turbine, the turbine starts to rotate due to the impact of the differential pressure liquid on the turbine blades, so the turbine rotates in the same direction as the pump impeller. After the kinetic energy of the oil drops, it flows back to the pump wheel from the blade edge of the turbine, forming a circulation loop, the flow path of which is like an end-to-end annular spiral. The hydraulic coupling relies on the interaction between the liquid and the blades of the pump wheel and turbine to generate momentum, which is simple and convenient.
(3) Magnetic coupler
It is composed of a copper rotor, permanent magnet rotor, and controller. Among them, there is an air gap between the copper rotor and the permanent magnet rotor. It is for this reason that the connection between the working machine and the engine is transformed into a magnetic connection. By changing the air gap between them, the speed of the machine can be changed and controlled. The wide range of applications of the magnetic coupler is of course inseparable from its unparalleled advantages. Its operating cost is relatively low, the energy saving effect is obvious, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is fully realized. Secondly, its installation cost is relatively low, the later maintenance cost is also low, and the space occupied is small, so it is very convenient to use.
